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121.
In an arbitrage-free economy with non-zero bid-ask spreads the existence of payoffs whose price is lower than the price of a dominated payoff cannot be discarded in general. However, when the former price corresponds to trivial portfolios which involve buying or selling one unit of the basis assets, its presence, although not an arbitrage, is a severe market anomaly which we refer to as an inefficient quote. In an empirical study, we report evidence that indicates that in options markets both the frequency and the magnitude of these anomalies are substantial and we document puzzling patterns in their behavior. 相似文献
122.
Income and Price Elasticities of Demand in South Africa: An Application of the Linear Expenditure System 下载免费PDF全文
Rulof Petrus Burger Lodewicus Charl Coetzee Carl Friedrich Kreuser Neil Andrew Rankin 《The South African journal of economics. Suid-afrikaanse tydskrif vir ekonomie》2017,85(4):491-514
This paper investigates the expenditure patterns of South African households using detailed cross‐sectional expenditure and price data that varies across region and time. Linear expenditure system parameter estimates are used to calculate income and price elasticities for a number of product categories at different points of the income distribution. We find substantial variation in the price and income elasticities of demand for items across the income distribution, with the bottom quartile being extremely sensitive to increases in the price of food and clothing items, and the top quartile being as sensitive as households in developed countries. 相似文献
123.
高校预算绩效评价机制,是高校预算绩效管理的重要制度安排。本文探讨构建高校预算绩效评价机制的思路:采取定性指标与定量指标相结合的方法,设计一套基本支出和项目支出绩效评价指标体系,建立以效果为导向、责任与激励相结合的高校预算绩效管理责任制度。 相似文献
124.
《Socio》2019
The disproportionate concentration of healthcare professionals in urban areas is a concern in many countries, including Canada. A need to address this rural care gap has driven a large number of government led initiatives worldwide over the years. This paper presents a model that can be used as a tool to examine the efficacy of such policies on the workforce distribution in the long term. A small system dynamics model is employed to simulate the current and future distribution of general physicians at a jurisdictional level. The model represents the transition of general practitioners to provide insight into the dynamics of care provision over time. The movement, and competition, between rural and urban areas is modeled to enable detailed exploration of the ability for proposed measures to alleviate the care gap in the future. Among the tested policies are such commonly used initiatives as financial incentives to rural professionals, promotion of medical education in rural areas, expansion of rural education programs and the engagement of international medical graduates etc. We demonstrate how the model can be used as a tool to determine an efficient and well-chosen combination of policies which can help alleviate the rural care gap in the future, given that some policies are more effective than others alone but also combined with other initiatives. The presented small system dynamics model is tested on Canada's reality, but its simple nature lends itself to easy application to other countries that experience a similar problem. 相似文献
125.
126.
Control of projects is a core issue for organizations. Successful projects, such as information systems projects, enable organizations to develop a superior supply network and enhance the capability of operations management. A few studies have investigated the effects of control on project performance; however, complexity risk has not been integrated into the relationship between control and performance. Limited evidence has been provided concerning whether modes of control differ in their effectiveness in the presence of a single risk factor. Based on quantitative data obtained from 128 information systems projects, behavior, outcome, clan, and self-control are empirically determined to be positively associated with the system performance of projects. However, complexity risk generates a mixed moderating effect on the relationship between control and performance. In the presence of a high complexity risk, the effects of behavior and self-control on performance are low, whereas the effectiveness of outcome and clan control increases. This finding implies that complexity risk is a double-edged sword with regard to control. Each control mode exhibits different characteristics and effectiveness under high complexity risk. Therefore, appropriate control modes should be carefully selected, and highly effective control modes, such as outcome and clan control, should be prioritized in managing complex system projects. 相似文献
127.
通过对耕地后备资源调查评价方法和指标体系进行优化,达到在查清耕地后备资源数量的基础上进一步掌握其可开发利用程度的目的,促进耕地后备资源调查评价成果更加有效地应用于土地整治工作,提高成果的实用性。 相似文献
128.
129.
一直以来,高校科技成果转化问题都是社会热点且亟待解决。权属分配是政府引导转化工作的突破点,而权属分配又与专利制度紧密相关。“拜杜法案”以美国专利法修正案形式发挥着促进成果转化的作用,也同样暗示了专利制度对成果转化的重要性和特殊性。现阶段,确有必要探讨成果转化激励失效与专利制度的关联性,分析专利制度在高校科技成果转化中的运行机理及决定性作用,并结合我国部分地区改革实践经验与相关法学理论观点,论证高校职务科技成果赋权改革的合理性。同时,对赋权改革如何疏通高校科技成果转化堵点进行分析,结合《赋予科研人员职务科技成果所有权或长期使用权试点实施方案》,展望专利制度变革及相关规则体系建设的前景与方向。 相似文献
130.
The rise of the Household Responsibility System has been widely viewed as a significant contribution to China's agricultural growth. However, this empirical conclusion is rested upon a convenient but doubtful presumption that the process of institutional change, also known as decollectivization, is exogenous. We contribute to this literature by explicitly recognizing the endogeneity of institutional changes, and exploit exogenous variations in lagged weather shocks and initial fixed assets for consistent estimation. With improved data on irrigation, mechanization, weather and institutional changes in a provincial panel data during 1970–1987, the results of panel instrumental estimations reveal that the Household Responsibility System had a significantly positive effect on China's agricultural growth, which was larger than indicated by OLS estimates that suffer from adverse selection and attenuation biases. 相似文献